驱动服务类
服务类用于管理驱动程序的启动和停止. 它们不能与远程 WebDriver 会话一起使用.
服务类允许您指定有关驱动程序的信息, 诸如位置和要使用的端口. 它们还允许您指定传递哪些参数到命令行. 大多数有用的参数都与日志记录有关.
默认服务实例
使用默认服务实例启动驱动程序:
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/drivers/ServiceTest.java
package dev.selenium.drivers;
import dev.selenium.BaseTest;
import java.io.File;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverFinder;
public class ServiceTest extends BaseTest {
@Test
public void defaultService() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
@Test
public void setDriverLocation() {
setBinaryPaths();
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBinary(browserPath);
ChromeDriverService service =
new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingDriverExecutable(driverPath).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
@Test
public void setPort() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingPort(1234).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private void setBinaryPaths() {
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBrowserVersion("stable");
DriverFinder finder = new DriverFinder(ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(), options);
driverPath = new File(finder.getDriverPath());
browserPath = new File(finder.getBrowserPath());
}
}
service = webdriver.ChromeService()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_service.py
from selenium import webdriver
def test_basic_service():
service = webdriver.ChromeService()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_location(chromedriver_bin, chrome_bin):
options = get_default_chrome_options()
options.binary_location = chrome_bin
service = webdriver.ChromeService(executable_path=chromedriver_bin)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_port():
service = webdriver.ChromeService(port=1234)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def get_default_chrome_options():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
return options
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Drivers/ServiceTest.cs
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using SeleniumDocs.TestSupport;
namespace SeleniumDocs.Drivers
{
[TestClass]
public class ServiceTest : BaseTest
{
[TestMethod]
public void BasicService()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
[TestMethodCustom]
[EnabledOnOs("OSX")]
public void DriverLocation()
{
var options = GetLatestChromeOptions();
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(GetDriverLocation(options));
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
[TestMethod]
public void DriverPort()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
service.Port = 1234;
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private static string GetDriverLocation(ChromeOptions options)
{
return new DriverFinder(options).GetDriverPath();
}
private static ChromeOptions GetLatestChromeOptions()
{
return new ChromeOptions
{
BrowserVersion = "stable"
};
}
}
} service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service/examples/ruby/spec/drivers/service_spec.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'spec_helper'
RSpec.describe 'Service' do
let(:file_name) { File.expand_path('driver.log') }
let(:driver_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROMEDRIVER_BIN', nil) }
let(:browser_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN', nil) }
before { driver_finder }
after { FileUtils.rm_f(file_name) }
it 'has default service' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
it 'specifies driver location' do
user_data_dir = Dir.mktmpdir('chrome-profile-')
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(binary: browser_path)
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=#{user_data_dir}")
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.executable_path = driver_path
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service, options: options
end
it 'specifies driver port' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.port = 1234
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
def driver_finder
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(browser_version: 'stable')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
finder = Selenium::WebDriver::DriverFinder.new(options, service)
ENV['CHROMEDRIVER_BIN'] = finder.driver_path
ENV['CHROME_BIN'] = finder.browser_path
end
end
驱动程序位置
注意: 如果您使用的是 Selenium 4.6 或更高版本, 则无需设置驱动程序位置. 如果您无法更新 Selenium 或有高阶用法需求, 以下是指定驱动程序位置的方法:
ChromeDriverService service =
new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingDriverExecutable(driverPath).build();/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/drivers/ServiceTest.java
package dev.selenium.drivers;
import dev.selenium.BaseTest;
import java.io.File;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverFinder;
public class ServiceTest extends BaseTest {
@Test
public void defaultService() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
@Test
public void setDriverLocation() {
setBinaryPaths();
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBinary(browserPath);
ChromeDriverService service =
new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingDriverExecutable(driverPath).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
@Test
public void setPort() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingPort(1234).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private void setBinaryPaths() {
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBrowserVersion("stable");
DriverFinder finder = new DriverFinder(ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(), options);
driverPath = new File(finder.getDriverPath());
browserPath = new File(finder.getBrowserPath());
}
}
service = webdriver.ChromeService(executable_path=chromedriver_bin)/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_service.py
from selenium import webdriver
def test_basic_service():
service = webdriver.ChromeService()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_location(chromedriver_bin, chrome_bin):
options = get_default_chrome_options()
options.binary_location = chrome_bin
service = webdriver.ChromeService(executable_path=chromedriver_bin)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_port():
service = webdriver.ChromeService(port=1234)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def get_default_chrome_options():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
return options
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(GetDriverLocation(options));/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Drivers/ServiceTest.cs
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using SeleniumDocs.TestSupport;
namespace SeleniumDocs.Drivers
{
[TestClass]
public class ServiceTest : BaseTest
{
[TestMethod]
public void BasicService()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
[TestMethodCustom]
[EnabledOnOs("OSX")]
public void DriverLocation()
{
var options = GetLatestChromeOptions();
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(GetDriverLocation(options));
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
[TestMethod]
public void DriverPort()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
service.Port = 1234;
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private static string GetDriverLocation(ChromeOptions options)
{
return new DriverFinder(options).GetDriverPath();
}
private static ChromeOptions GetLatestChromeOptions()
{
return new ChromeOptions
{
BrowserVersion = "stable"
};
}
}
} service.executable_path = driver_path/examples/ruby/spec/drivers/service_spec.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'spec_helper'
RSpec.describe 'Service' do
let(:file_name) { File.expand_path('driver.log') }
let(:driver_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROMEDRIVER_BIN', nil) }
let(:browser_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN', nil) }
before { driver_finder }
after { FileUtils.rm_f(file_name) }
it 'has default service' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
it 'specifies driver location' do
user_data_dir = Dir.mktmpdir('chrome-profile-')
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(binary: browser_path)
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=#{user_data_dir}")
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.executable_path = driver_path
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service, options: options
end
it 'specifies driver port' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.port = 1234
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
def driver_finder
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(browser_version: 'stable')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
finder = Selenium::WebDriver::DriverFinder.new(options, service)
ENV['CHROMEDRIVER_BIN'] = finder.driver_path
ENV['CHROME_BIN'] = finder.browser_path
end
end
驱动程序端口
如果希望驱动程序在特定端口上运行, 您可以在启动时指定端口号, 如下所示:
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingPort(1234).build();/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/drivers/ServiceTest.java
package dev.selenium.drivers;
import dev.selenium.BaseTest;
import java.io.File;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriverService;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverFinder;
public class ServiceTest extends BaseTest {
@Test
public void defaultService() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
@Test
public void setDriverLocation() {
setBinaryPaths();
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBinary(browserPath);
ChromeDriverService service =
new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingDriverExecutable(driverPath).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
@Test
public void setPort() {
ChromeDriverService service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder().usingPort(1234).build();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private void setBinaryPaths() {
ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
options.setBrowserVersion("stable");
DriverFinder finder = new DriverFinder(ChromeDriverService.createDefaultService(), options);
driverPath = new File(finder.getDriverPath());
browserPath = new File(finder.getBrowserPath());
}
}
service = webdriver.ChromeService(port=1234)/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_service.py
from selenium import webdriver
def test_basic_service():
service = webdriver.ChromeService()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_location(chromedriver_bin, chrome_bin):
options = get_default_chrome_options()
options.binary_location = chrome_bin
service = webdriver.ChromeService(executable_path=chromedriver_bin)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)
driver.quit()
def test_driver_port():
service = webdriver.ChromeService(port=1234)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
driver.quit()
def get_default_chrome_options():
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")
return options
service.Port = 1234;/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Drivers/ServiceTest.cs
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using SeleniumDocs.TestSupport;
namespace SeleniumDocs.Drivers
{
[TestClass]
public class ServiceTest : BaseTest
{
[TestMethod]
public void BasicService()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
[TestMethodCustom]
[EnabledOnOs("OSX")]
public void DriverLocation()
{
var options = GetLatestChromeOptions();
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService(GetDriverLocation(options));
driver = new ChromeDriver(service, options);
}
[TestMethod]
public void DriverPort()
{
var service = ChromeDriverService.CreateDefaultService();
service.Port = 1234;
driver = new ChromeDriver(service);
}
private static string GetDriverLocation(ChromeOptions options)
{
return new DriverFinder(options).GetDriverPath();
}
private static ChromeOptions GetLatestChromeOptions()
{
return new ChromeOptions
{
BrowserVersion = "stable"
};
}
}
} service.port = 1234/examples/ruby/spec/drivers/service_spec.rb
# frozen_string_literal: true
require 'spec_helper'
RSpec.describe 'Service' do
let(:file_name) { File.expand_path('driver.log') }
let(:driver_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROMEDRIVER_BIN', nil) }
let(:browser_path) { ENV.fetch('CHROME_BIN', nil) }
before { driver_finder }
after { FileUtils.rm_f(file_name) }
it 'has default service' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
it 'specifies driver location' do
user_data_dir = Dir.mktmpdir('chrome-profile-')
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(binary: browser_path)
options.add_argument("--user-data-dir=#{user_data_dir}")
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.executable_path = driver_path
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service, options: options
end
it 'specifies driver port' do
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
service.port = 1234
@driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome, service: service
end
def driver_finder
options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(browser_version: 'stable')
service = Selenium::WebDriver::Service.chrome
finder = Selenium::WebDriver::DriverFinder.new(options, service)
ENV['CHROMEDRIVER_BIN'] = finder.driver_path
ENV['CHROME_BIN'] = finder.browser_path
end
end
日志
日志记录功能因浏览器而异. 大多数浏览器都允许您指定日志的位置和级别. 请查看相应的浏览器页面:
最后修改 July 29, 2025: Adding trailing / to retrieve code from GitHub (48b97e9bf8)
